Hospitalization while the spleen heals. Chemotherapy may be helpful if the malignant tumor has spread to other body parts. In the case of a ruptured spleen, the most common referred pain is felt in the left shoulder or left side of the chest wall. Doctors monitor the patient’s condition and provide nonsurgical care, such as blood transfusions, if required. 0. 64-68 The white pulp is expanded with germinal center formation commonly present in adult patients, compared with the inactive white pulp of the usual adult spleen. If a partial splenectomy can be performed, it is optimal because the remaining portion can help your body fight against infections. UpToDate. Splenic injury. Accessed April 12, 2019. 24 years experience General Surgery. 2014;19:324. The other tissue is the white pulp, which produces antibodies and is connected to the lymphatic system. Symptoms include pain in the abdomen and nausea. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Diercks DB, et al. The full function of the spleen is still under debate, but we do know it plays a major role in the immune system. A ruptured spleen is a serious condition whether it comes from trauma or not. Whether the ruptured spleen is going to be treated with or without surgery, the earlier that decision can be made the better. Some people require immediate surgery. Ruptured spleen needs immediate medical treatment to avoid fatal complications. Read our, Medically reviewed by Jamin Brahmbhatt, MD, Medically reviewed by Shaheen Lakhan, MD, PhD, Medically reviewed by Douglas A. Nelson, MD, Medically reviewed by Jennifer Schwartz, MD, Medically reviewed by Laura Campedelli, PT, DPT, Medically reviewed by Kashif J. Piracha, MD, Verywell Health uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. Updated April 2017. Causes of Collarbone Pain and Treatment Options, What Everyone Should Know About Traumatic Brain Injuries. If you could see the spleen, it looks purple and squishy. A rupture of the spleen will need surgery to remove it. Hassan R, Abd aziz A, Md ralib AR, Saat A. Computed tomography of blunt spleen injury: a pictorial review. In this surgery, the surgeon will remove a portion or all of the injured spleen. The most common cause of a ruptured spleen is blunt trauma to the abdomen, such as that experienced in a car crash or a fall from a significant height. At times, surgical procedures may be carried out to seal the rupture. You’ll feel pain in your belly. The spleen is located on the left-hand side of the body just beneath the rib cage. Some cases may be managed without surgery. Usual ... Read More. A doctor will conduct splenectomy where the spleen is removed using a surgical procedure. If you have an enlarged spleen, a less forceful trauma might cause rupture. Updated May 2012. If you are unsure, you should arrange an … Michael Menna, DO, is board-certified in emergency medicine. causes abdominal pain, usually severe, but not always. Treatment of a bruised spleen Treatment for a bruised spleen depends on how severe the injury is. Treatment for a ruptured spleen will depend on the severity of your condition. By using Verywell Health, you accept our, Splenectomy: What to Expect on the Day of Surgery. There are two main types of treatment for a ruptured spleen: Surgical intervention and observation. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2018 Jan. Chiotoroiu AL, Venter DM, Negoi I, Vartosu C, Plotogea O, Paun S, Vartic M, Beuran M; -. Liu J, et al. Patients with ruptured spleens tend to experience severe pain which causes them to seek medical treatment. Spleen surgery is generally safe, but any surgery has risks, such as bleeding, blood clots, infection and pneumonia. Small cracks will heal in a matter of weeks. Without emergency treatment, a ruptured spleen can cause life-threatening internal bleeding. Close monitoring, bed rest, and blood pressure control are used to give the spleen time to heal. Your doctor opts for immediate surgery in the following cases: When your doctor suspects massive internal bleeding; Suspected splenic rupture triggering unstable vital signs or low blood pressure . Patterson JW, Dominique E. Acute Abdomen. It also helps to heal the damage done to the spleen while reducing inflammation and irritation. Published 2014 Nov 26. A ruptured spleen is a medical condition which can result in severe complications or death if it is not treated in a timely fashion. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Maung AA, et al. If sepsis is not treated then, it can lead to septic shock where the patient exhibits symptoms, such as tachycardia, severe hypotension and changes in mental status. Eko FE, Fouelifack FY, de Paul EV. 14th ed. A ruptured spleen is treated with surgery if the patient has lost a large amount of blood. AskMayoExpert. If that does not help in spleen cure, a complete surgical removal is required. A ruptured spleen is a medical emergency, as it can cause life-threatening bleeding. Why Is an Exploratory Laparotomy Performed? doi:10.1136/tsaco-2017-000075. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2018. However, many moderate injuries and minor ruptures can be cured without operation. Dragomir M, et al. The best treatment option for a spleen tumor is surgery. Your doctor might recommend ways to reduce the risk of infection, such as vaccinations against pneumonia and influenza. This content does not have an Arabic version. In the past, treatment for a spleen injury always meant removal of the entire organ, called a splenectomy. Ⓒ 2021 About, Inc. (Dotdash) — All rights reserved, Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Dr. Jon Krook answered. What to Expect on the Day of Your Exploratory Laparotomy. If available, a CT scan is the best option for evaluating the abdomen and diagnosing a ruptured spleen in a clinically stable patient. CT scans can detect as little as 100 cubic centimeters of blood in the abdomen, an amount similar to about one-third of a can of soda. Akoury T, Whetstone DR. Splenic Rupture. Half of the spleen tissue is called the red pulp and is responsible for filtering out old and damaged red blood cells, and acts as a reservoir for platelets and red blood cells. A ruptured spleen (a fist-sized organ located in the left upper abdomen) occurs when the surface of this organ is injured, which can lead to internal bleeding. Blunt Splenic Trauma - The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. An injured or ruptured spleen can make the abdomen painful and tender. It might be severe, but not always. Treatment of splenomegaly is targeted at treating the underlying disease and protecting the patient from complications of splenomegaly itself. If it's necessary to remove your spleen, you'll be at increased risk of serious infections, such as sepsis. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2016;26:163-5. Penetrating trauma is less common, but can also lead to a ruptured spleen. What Medical Conditions Affect the Spleen? Rod Brouhard is an emergency medical technician paramedic (EMT-P), journalist, educator, and advocate for emergency medical service providers and patients. Chirurgia (Bucur). Rest and time can help heal minor tears in spleen. Medications for pain control, which could include narcotics or opiates. In some cases, you may have bruised skin over the injured area. In some cases, if Red Blood Count (RBC) is too low, then the pet needs blood transfusion before or after surgery. Sometimes the pain is felt in the left shoulder. Zarzaur B, Rozycki G. An update on nonoperative management of the spleen in adults. A ruptured spleen can cause blood to leak inside your body. Of patients with traumatic injuries to multiple body systems, 10 to 12 percent have abdominal trauma. The liver and spleen are the two most commonly injured abdominal organs. Non-surgical management of a ruptured spleen is the primary option for treatment as long as the patient's blood pressure is stable and there is not severe bleeding. You're likely to stay in the hospital while doctors observe your condition and provide nonsurgical care, such as blood transfusions, if … Spleen. Many people with a ruptured spleen experience serious … Blood in the abdomen acts as an irritant and causes pain. Treatment depends on the patient’s condition. If left untreated, bleeding from a ruptured spleen can very quickly lead to hypovolemia (when plasma portion of the blood is too low) and shock (a medical condition that decreases blood flow to the brain).. 3. You might have periodic follow-up CT scans to check whether your spleen has healed or to determine whether you need surgery. Diagnostics. In: StatPearls [Internet]. New York, N.Y.:McGraw-Hill Education; 2015. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Others heal with rest and time. Further interventions may be needed to manage the bleeding of a ruptured spleen. A ruptured spleen can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. The treatment involves surgery to stop the … Your spleen, situated just under your rib cage on your left side, helps your body fight infection and filter old blood cells from your bloodstream.A forceful blow to your abdomen — during a sporting mishap, a fistfight or a car crash, for example — is the usual cause of a ruptured spleen. What Are the Symptoms of Internal Bleeding? The treatment will focus on addressing the underlying cause of the pain. Treatment ranges from abdominal injury avoidance in the young healthy patient with splenomegaly due to infectious mononucleosis, to splenectomy of a massively enlarged spleen in a patient with Hairy cell leu… Management of splenic injury in the adult trauma patient. The full spleen is removed through surgery. Send thanks to the doctor. 2014;109(6):731-40. Aast.org. Chirurgia (Bucur). The most common causes are the following: Vehicular accidents; Bicycle accidents ; Injuries while playing sports such as hockey and football; Violence or torture; It can also be caused by an underlying disease, such as malaria, mononucleosis, lymphoma, and hemolytic anemia. Close monitoring, bed rest, and blood pressure control are used to give the spleen time to heal. You're likely to stay in the hospital while doctors observe your condition and provide nonsurgical care, such as blood transfusions, if necessary. The spleen can become inflamed and enlarged from infection, cancer, or other diseases. Spontaneous rupture of the spleen operated in gynecological unit mistaken for ruptured hemorrhagic ovarian cyst: total splenectomy. Uptodate.com. In some cases, medical care in the hospital will improve, and in other cases, surgery may be needed immediately. Ultrasound is an option but still cannot rule out a ruptured spleen adequately. An enlarged spleen also increases the risk for a dysfunctional and ruptured spleen. A spleen rupture is typically diagnosed on imaging. 2016;111:393. Patients after splenectomy: Old risks and new perspectives. Some hospitals may try interventional radiological treatment for ruptured spleens. A strong clinical assessment with a focused history, a mechanism of injury, and physical exam may provide a high index of suspicion for diagnosis, but a ruptured spleen can't always be ruled out from just a clinical assessment. Though some ruptured spleens require emergency surgery, some people with ruptured spleens can be treated with several days of hospital care. In: Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. Significant damage can lead to other conditions. Malays J Med Sci. A ruptured spleen refers to bleeding into the abdominal cavity from a torn or lacerated spleen. Accessed April 16, 2019. More commonly in cases where the spleen has ruptured, a partial or total splenectomy is performed. Treatment of ruptured spleen generally depends on the nature of the condition. As such, you can expect to feel considerable pain in this area if your spleen has ruptured. Some patients may require immediate surgery, whereas, in some patients, a ruptured spleen heals with proper rest and time. The spleen is then cut away from the other structures of the body. The spleen is also in the area, and a ruptured spleen might lead to these nerves becoming irritated. Spleen Injury - Injuries and Poisoning - MSD Manual Consumer Version. [Updated 2018 Nov 14]. All rights reserved. In a trauma patient with an injury to the abdomen, the most common symptoms of a ruptured spleen are pain and tenderness of the abdomen, particularly on the left upper quadrant. Previous: Management and Treatment Next: Outlook / Prognosis. 3 months: It depends on how badly the spleen was damaged. However, if you have a condition that may cause your spleen to swell – including mononucleosis – then you should avoid activities that could increase your risk of an injury to the spleen, such as contact sports. Many small or moderate-sized injuries to the spleen can heal without surgery. Treatment of the splenic cyst involves techniques like the removal of epithelial lining, Removal of some part of the spleen and the cyst around and the complete removal of the spleen. In: Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Surgery. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2018 Jan. Tunçyürek Ö, Tunçyürek P, Ertekin E, et al. Signs and symptoms. Some people require immediate surgery. Since the spleen is so rich with blood flow, bleeding from a rupture can be significant. This condition involves damage to the spleen which causes the organ to start leaking blood, causing the abdomen to fill with blood. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. It's considered a solid organ, meaning it's not hollow like a bladder or a stomach. 2019;2019:1. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5827694. Hoffman R, et al. If the spleen is removed, the patient may have to take a series of vaccinations to boost immune function after surgery. It could even be a sign that your spleen has been ruptured. Tests and procedures used to diagnose a ruptured spleen include: Treatment for a ruptured spleen will depend on the severity of your condition. The abdominal muscles contract reflexively and feel rigid. Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. 7th ed. Treatment. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2018. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Accessed April 12, 2019. Pathological rupture of the normal spleen: Review with the literature. Sometimes, if the spleen was injured, it may heal with rest. He is an attending emergency medicine physician at White Plains Hospital in White Plains, New York and also works at an urgent care center and a telemedicine company that provides care to patients across the country. The spleen can become swollen after an infection or injury. Treatment for Ruptured Spleen. You need emergency treatment to repair or remove the spleen. Most spleen damage is due to traumatic injury, but it can occur spontaneously if the spleen is inflamed or diseased. 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