purposes and developed an extraordinary loyalty to him and to his goals. (Evanston), Spring 1973. (pr); The conversations of postal workers sorting mail aboard the Nightmail train had to be recreated in a studio on the set of a sorting station and recorded inside an audio truck in the parking lot. Children at School You're Only Young Twice [2] On 23 January 1917, he became a telegraphist on the minesweeper H.M.S Surf and served there until 13 October 1917. In the panic of suspicion surrounding the infamous Gouzenko spy case in Canada, Grierson was brought before a secret Telephone Workers Grierson himself was to later say, "Docu mentary is a clumsy description, but let it stand."1 Other film theorists such as Richard Barsam have Grierson took the term and his evolving conception of a new kind and use [2] The Benares was torpedoed four days after its sailing, and sank within thirty-one minutes in a Force 10 Gale. In Hollywood to study film, he befriended the American filmmaker Robert Flaherty, whose haunting film Nanook of the North celebrated the daily survival of an Inuit hunter. John Grierson resigned in 1945 and was replaced by his deputy, Ross McLean, who faced considerable difficulties in the postwar years. But the postwar . Later he was an executive producer in Britain for television and motion pictures and acted as an adviser to makers of informational films. In Grierson's view, the focus of film should be on the everyday drama of ordinary people. [2] They filmed at Southall Studios in West London but later moved to Beaconsfield Studios. of the British Empire. 6 2/3 Sight and Sound in the employ of a government or [2] At the start of 1948 he resigned from his position as director for Mass Communications and Public Information, he left in April to return to Britain. See also related digitized artefacts and memorabilia. (Cavalcanti) (pr); A large part of its innovation lies in the fierce boldness in bringing the camera to rugged locations such as a small boat in the middle of a gale while leaving relatively less of the action staged. It was in this way that the British documentary movement was given shape Indira Gandhi called him to India to find ways to spread the principles of birth control "Making of to the villages. To see him as a little old man with thick glasses introducing some of his films for his 1968 retrospective film I Remember, I Remember (clip 1) (premiered at the . [5] His research focus was the psychology of propagandathe impact of the press, film, and other mass media on forming public opinion. Canadian and British filmmaker John Grierson (1898-1972) used documentaries to build the National Film Board of Canada into one of the world's largest studios. It was during this time that Grierson developed a conviction that motion pictures could play a central role in promoting this process. [2] Grierson was appointed the first Commissioner of the National Film Board in October 1939. His first work was on the North Sea . This Lesson Guide focuses on the work of John Grierson and his legacy in the Documentary movement. Spectator 193945; Co-coordinator of Mass Media at UNESCO, 1947; Controller, John Grierson was born in Deanston (near Stirling), Scotland, on April 26, 1898. Drifters, Industrial Britain, Granton Trawler, Song of Ceylon, Coal Face The unit was headed by John Grierson, who appointed apprentices such as Basil Wright, Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, Stuart Legg, Paul Rotha and Harry Watt. Request Permissions, Journal of the University Film Association, Published By: University of Illinois Press. (London), 23 August 1935. Heres a Cliffs Notes version of how Grierson, the godfather of documentary, earned that distinction. Tomaselli, K., "Grierson in South Africa: Culture, State, and Corrections? If you have a great idea youd like to share with our readers, send it to editor@videomaker.com. Click here to contact a sales representative and request a media kit. Film Unit, [2] Group 3 was to have continuous production from 1951 until 1955 when it stopped producing films, the organisation had made a loss of over 400,000 as production of the films usually ran over the time allocated, and there had also been difficulty getting the films shown in cinemas. It is a weapon in our hands to see and say what is good and right and beautiful." The Saving of Bill Blewett (London), Spring 1972. . lives. Nationalist Ideology in the South African Film Industry: Alberto Cavalcanti joined the group shortly after it Ellis, Jack C., GPO to form Film Centre with Arthur Elton, Stuart Legg, and J.P.R. (exec pr), The Brave Don't Cry [2] In 1961, Grierson was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the Queen's Birthday Honours. Sight and Sound [2] Grierson went into hospital for a health check-up in January 1972; he was diagnosed with lung and liver cancer and was given months to live. On his return to England, Grierson was employed on a temporary basis as an Assistant Films Officer of the Empire Marketing Board (EMB), a governmental agency which had been established in 1926 to promote British world trade and British unity throughout the empire. In a 1926 review of one of Flaherty's films, he coined the term "documentary" to describe the dramatization of the everyday life of ordinary people. He died on 19 February 1972 in Bath, Somerset, England, UK. [1] Early life [ edit] with in this new kind of documentary included unemployment ( "Future for British Film," in (exec pr); March of Time From the outset Grierson wasnt interested in essay films that explained how the world works but rather in actuality films that showed how it works. 193339," in This article related to a film organization is a stub. Although Flaherty and Grierson remained life-long friends and sometime collaborators, the Scot didnt always think his American colleague was putting film to its best uses. Workers and Jobs Over his year as Commissioner at the National Film Board 40 films were made; the year before the Motion Picture Bureau had made only one and a half. filmmakers who comprised the British documentary movement made over three He returned to his native Scotland in the mid-1950s, where he hosted a public affairs program, This Wonderful World, for 10 years. ), This page was last edited on 8 January 2020, at 22:07. In his review of Robert Flaherty's film Moana (1926) in the New York Sun (8 February 1926), Grierson wrote that it had 'documentary' value. Pett and Pott Grierson, meanwhile, carried his ideas (It has been suggested[by whom?] on 30 June 1937, which gave him more time to pursue his passions and the freedom to speak his mind on issues around the world. Sight and Sound Weather Forecast https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Grierson, Turner Classic Movies - Biography of John Grierson, University of Glasgow - Biography of John Grierson, Undiscovered Scotland - Biography of John Grierson, The Canadian Encyclopedia - Biography of John Grierson, John Grierson - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Take One He The orbit of John Griersons legacy touches almost everything we know about documentary. Griersons project boiled down to this: for a social democracy to work you need informed citizens to make informed choices. on Scotland Committee, 1954; produced and presented He began as a curiosity but soon was attracting up to 800 students to his lectures. In Drifters Griersons probing lens captures the stoic endurance of herring fishermen going about their work in harsh conditions on dangerous high seas. Paul Rotha, one of Grierson's principal of film back to Britain with him in 1927. Housing Problems (1935) achieves landmark status for being the first film to look at appalling social conditions through the personal experience of people directly affected.Continuing to showcase the social power Grierson saw in documentary film, Housing Problems explores the issues personally faced by those living in industrial slums. (exec pr); From a talented collective of socially conscious filmmakers, artists, composers and writers Grierson built and nurtured the British documentary movement from deep within the bureaucracy of government film units. tribunal and questioned about his one-time secretary who was connected to the spy ring. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. He read and agreed with the journalist and political philosopher Walter Lippmann's book Public Opinion which blamed the erosion of democracy in part on the fact that the political and social complexities of contemporary society made it difficult if not impossible for the public to comprehend and respond to issues vital to the maintenance of democratic society. [5] Grierson was particularly interested in the popular appeal and influence of the "yellow" (tabloid) press, and the influence and role of these journals on the education of new American citizens from abroad. [2], Grierson was offered the position of head of information at UNESCO at the end of 1946; he attended the first General Conference of UNESCO from 26 November until 10 December in Paris. 60, July 1991. So This Is London Grierson respected Flaherty immensely for his contributions to documentary form and his attempts to use the camera to bring alive the lives of everyday people and everyday events. The film was shown from 9 December 1929, in the Stoll in Kingsway and then was later screened throughout Britain.[2]. (London), October 1954. The unit was headed by John Grierson, who appointed apprentices such as Basil Wright, Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, Stuart Legg, Paul Rotha and Harry Watt. Nationality: The Voice of the World He served as an ordinary seaman in the First World War John Grierson founded and led the British documentary film movement of the thirties. Line Cruising South ), slums ( In 1939, Canada created the National Film Commission, which would later become the National Film Board of Canada. Served in Royal Navy, World War I. John grierson made large epic films: FALSE. [2], The Grierson Archive at the University of Stirling Archives was opened by Angus Macdonald in October 1977.[2]. filmmakers exposed to it came to share Grierson's broad social [3] When the family moved, John had three elder sisters, Agnes, Janet, and Margaret, and a younger brother, Anthony. By 1945 the NFB Hollwood westerns - epic poems for a new nation 4. "I look on cinema as a pulpit, and use it as a propagandist. political figure and dedicated civil servant for most of his life. [2], In January 1969, Grierson left for Canada to lecture at McGill University; enrollment for his classes grew to around seven hundred students. And we did."). Scottish. (pr), The Face of Scotland (Abingdon, Oxon), vol. (London), November 1939. Journal of the University Film Association Asked 56 days ago|10/21/2022 4:15:12 AM. ), smog ( In 1939, Grierson left Britain to work with the National Film Board of Canada, where he remained until 1945. "The Challenge of Peace," reprinted in 0 Answers/Comments. In 1938, Grierson was invited by the Canadian government to study the country's film production. Big oil and gas In 1938, at the invitation of the Canadian Government, he drafted the legisla-tion that created its National Film Board. Our team will be reviewing your submission and get back to you with any further questions. Question. (pr); Grierson eventually grew restless with having to work within the bureaucratic and budgetary confines of government sponsorship. Drifters [8] When Canada entered World War II in 1939, the NFB focused on the production of propaganda films, many of which Grierson directed. 1, 1990. The 25-minute short experiments with sound design, and dynamic editing to produce an energetic audio-visual style that matches the energy of the dedicated postal workers aboard the Nightmail train. (Watt) (pr); Journal [2], In 1967, after returning from the Oberhausen Film Festival where he had been the President of Honour of the jury, Grierson suffered a bout of bronchitis which lasted eight days. rather than poetic, and seemed quite unartistic. Stephen Tallents, London, 1927; produced and directed are currently supervised by The Grierson Trust. In addition to publishing the results of original research for scholars and students, UT Press publishes books of more general A "Professional Notes" section informs Society for Cinema and Media Studies members about upcoming events, research opportunities, and the latest published research. May 1939 and appointed Grierson its first commissioner in October 1939. while Grierson was in the United States in the 1920s. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Documentary_Film_Movement&oldid=934857783. [2], In 1965, Grierson was the patron of the Commonwealth Film Festival which took place in Cardiff in that year. Golightly, 1937; Film Advisor to Imperial Relations Trust, and to Swann, P., "John Grierson and the G.P.O. It tells the story of Britain's North Sea herring fishery. The choice of topic was chosen less from Grierson's curiosity than the fact that he discovered that the Financial Secretary had made the herring industry his hobbyhorse. Budgets and staff were reduced and the NFB came under attack for allegedly harbouring left-wing subversives and as holding a monopoly that threatened the livelihoods of commercial producers. A brilliant academic Grierson won a fellowship to the University of Chicago and was one of the first intellectuals to take motion pictures seriously. This feature film is a portrait of John Grierson, the first Canadian Government Film Commissioner and founder of the National Film Board in 1939. [11] A few days earlier on 4 July 1969, Grierson had opened the Scottish Fisheries Museum in Anstruther. This is reflected in his first documentary, Drifters., In a talk show interview decades later, Grierson told the host, Let it be noted that it took this long to get a working man on the screen other than as a comic figure.. Humphrey Jennings. and Grierson's departure for Canada in 1939, the sixty or so By the way, the film was produced by Standard Oil of New Jersey. In 1934 he produced at the GPO Film Unit the award-winning The Song of Ceylon (dir. Film Quarterly Nelson, Joyce, Donald, J., "Machines of Democracy: Education and Entertainment in Song of Ceylon Click on "The Memory Project Link" to access this remarkable online collection to hear interviews with individual veterans from all branches of the Canadian Armed Forces. [2] During his time in hospital he spent time dictating letters to his wife, Margaret, and received visitors; however, he fell unconscious on 18 February and died on the 19th. (London), Summer 1948. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions [9] Grierson resigned from his position in January 1941. Ordinary life could now be heard as well as seen. British actor, director, writer, and composer, British actor, director, writer, and producer. MacGann, R.D., "Subsidy for the Screen: Grierson and Group Cinma Qubec During the ten years between 3 Taking Grierson's intellectual formation and his 'shrewdly tactical' manoeuvring into account, Corner summarizes the key arguments of 'First [2] Before he finished with the Wartime Information Bureau Grierson was also offered the role of chairman of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation but turned it down as he believed that this would give him too much power. Grierson also respected the sweeping epics Hollywood was making and he dreamed about the possibilities of harnessing the power and emotion of screen drama for the public good. John C. Ellis, John Grierson: Life, Contributions, Influence (2000); H. Forsyth Hardy, John Grierson: A Documentary Biography (1979) and ed, Grierson on Documentary (1946); Gary Evans, John Grierson and the National Film Board (1984); Ian Aitken, Film and Reform: John Grierson and the Documentary Film Movement (1990). During this time, Grierson was also involved in scrutinizing the film industries of other countries. in 1929, a short feature about herring fishing in the North Sea. Films He was soon almost forgotten in Canada. (London), March 1982. Asked 34 days ago|10/21/2022 4:15:12 AM. and completed a brilliant academic career after the war, graduating with distinction in moral philosophy. John Grierson was born on 26 April 1898 in Kilmadock, Stirlingshire, Scotland, UK. Phase one included some of the most innovative, presented to the population at large, an understanding and appreciation of [2] The results for the bursary examination were not posted until October 1915; Grierson applied to work at the munitions at Alexandria; the munitions building had been the original home of the Argyll Motor Company which had earlier in the twentieth century built the first complete motor car in Scotland. His ideas regarding the These filmmakers were mostly young, middle-class, educated males with liberal political views. According to popular myth, in the course of this writing stint, Grierson coined the term "documentary" in writing about Robert J. Flaherty's film Moana (1926): "Of course Moana, being a visual account of events in the daily life of a Polynesian youth and his family, has documentary value."[7]. Those enlisted included filmmakers Basil Wright, Edgar Anstey, Stuart Legg, Paul Rotha, Arthur Elton, Humphrey Jennings, Harry Watt, and Alberto Cavalcanti. The New Generation More than any one other person, John Grierson was responsible for the Ellis, Jack C., "John Grierson's First Years at the National Hood, Stuart, 'John Grierson and the documentary film movement', in James Curran and Vincent Porter (eds. [2], In July 1915, Grierson left school with an overall subject mark of 82%; John had sat the bursary examination at Gilmorehill the month before, as his parents wanted him to follow his elder sisters, Janet and Agnes, in going to the University of Glasgow. This group formed the core of what was to become known as the British Documentary Film Movement. Grierson grieved the death of his sister Ruby in 1940; she was on the SS City of Benares while it was evacuating one hundred children to Canada. [2] The New University Labour Club was initiated by John as well as the Critic's Club; he also had poetry published in the Glasgow University magazine from November 1920 until February 1923. first phase in Grierson's lifelong activity on behalf of John Grierson came to Canada in May 1938 with the mandate to write a report on the Canadian government's film activities. [2] The Private Life of Gannets was also filmed on the Isabella Greig; the film was shot on Grassholm with Grierson shooting the slow-motion sequence of the gannets diving for fish which took only one afternoon to shoot near Bass Rock in the Firth of Forth. In all of this, there was more than a little elitism, a stance reflected in Grierson's many dicta of the time: "The elect have their duty." (exec pr); (pr); Born: Sussex, in Grierson's emerging view of film was as a form of social and political communicationa mechanism for social reform, education, and perhaps spiritual uplift. The Weegy: A modal verb (also modal, modal auxiliary verb, modal auxiliary) is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to John grierson made large epic films: FALSE. , London, 1990. "The Symphonic Film I," in (Flaherty) (pr, co-ed), King Log Instead of going to commercial film studios for backing, he went to the government. It premiered in a private film club in London in November 1929 on a double-bill with Eisenstein's -then controversial- film The Battleship Potemkin (which was banned from general release in Britain until 1954) and received high praise from both its sponsors and the press. , Carbondale, Illinois, 2000. 1977 University of Illinois Press Collections, Data The training at the EMB Film Unit and subsequently the General Post Office people, mostly middle class and well educated (many were from Cambridge In his recruitment letter he had added a year to his age so that he could attend. (New York), January/February 1977. Lambert, Gavin, "Who Wants True?," in This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. The narrator in the 1973 bio-pic, Grierson (National Film Board of Canada) solemnly reads: His ancestors were lighthouse keepers. Commissioner of Canada, helped establish National Film Board of Canada, (pr); More than any one other person, John Grierson was responsible for the documentary film as it has developed in the English-speaking countries. Like many social critics of the time, Grierson was profoundly concerned about what he perceived to be clear threats to democracy. Grierson on Documentary Housing Problems pushed the boundaries of actuality filmmaking by anticipating 1950s cinema verite on-screen interviews and voice overs and TV formats still with us today commentary, stock footage, miniatures and actuality footage. Grierson's idea was to mobilize the cinema in the service of communication, in the service of building bridges between masses of people and their government, between the masses of people and democratic institutions. Documentary," in John Grierson and the National Film Board: The , Toronto, 1988. (co-pr); Peter Biesterfeld is a non-fiction storyteller specializing in documentary, current affairs, reality television and educational production. Enough to Eat? The film's style has been described as being a "response to avant-garde, Modernist films, adopting formal techniques such as montage - constructive editing emphasising the rhythmic juxtaposition of images - but also aimed to make a . Drifters (1929) is silent documentary film by John Grierson, his first and only personal film.. (Wright) (pr); Grierson Awards are presented annually in nine categories: The Canadian Film Awards had presented a Grierson Award for "an outstanding contribution to Canadian cinema in the spirit of John Grierson. (Evanston), Spring 1977. He was asked to write criticism for the New York Sun. documentary film, motion picture that shapes and interprets factual material for purposes of education or entertainment. and Its Legitimations Filmmaking for Grierson was an exalted calling; the Filmmaker a patriot. , 192829; became head of General Post Office (GPO) Film Unit when "John Grierson," in Critical Quarterly He returned to England in 1928, and the next year the Empire Marketing Board Film Unit sponsored his first and only personally directed film, Drifters (1929), a study of the lives of North Sea herring fishermen. Spring Comes to England "Art is not a mirror," he said, "but a hammer. (exec pr), Man of Africa (pr), Calender of the Year , edited by Forsyth Hardy, revised edition, London, 1966. Robert Flaherty himself also worked briefly for the unit. Eisenstein's editing techniques and film theories, particularly the use of montage, would have a significant influence on Grierson's own work. By 1937, the movement was spread across four different production units: GPO, Shell (headed by Anstey), Strand (headed by Rotha) and Realist (led by Wright). 6 | GRIERSON 2009 The documentary film I gave a push to forty years ago was a richer form of art than I ever dreamt of. He was also the subject of a 1973 NFB documentary, Best Documentary on Science or the Natural World, The Frontier Post Award for Most Entertaining Documentary, Credits from: British Film Institute Catalog (Film Index International), This page was last edited on 13 February 2023, at 19:04. Since these matters may have involved differing (exec pr); Grierson was educated at the University of Glasgow and the University of Chicago. Film Unit was ideological as well as technical and aesthetic. [2], Grierson concentrated on documentary film production in New York after resigning his post following in August 1945; his resignation was to take effect in November 1945. He was made an honorary member of the Association of Cinematograph, Television and Allied Technicians; he pressed for the ceremony to be held in Glasgow. Quarterly Review of Film Studies (Wright) (co-pr); [2] A Free and Responsible Press was published in 1947. [2] One of the tasks at the National Film Board that Grierson strongly pushed for the films being produced to be in French as well as English. The founding principles of the movement were based on Grierson's views of documentary film. (treatment), Heart of Scotland 1970 Michigan Publishing (exec pr), Seawards the Great Ships In his essay "First Principles of Documentary" (1932), Grierson argued that the principles of documentary were that cinema's potential for observing life could be exploited in a new art form; that the "original" actor and "original" scene are better guides than their fiction counterparts to interpreting the modern world; and that materials "thus taken from the raw" can be more real than the acted article. Most notable among these was the direct (pr, co-ed), The Country Comes to Town Basil Wright, Arthur Elton, Edgar Anstey, and Paul Rotha were [2] Grierson entered the University of Glasgow in 1916;[4] however, he was unhappy that his efforts to help in World War I were only through his work at the munitions. [2], In 1923, Grierson received a Rockefeller Research Fellowship to study in the United States at the University of Chicago, and later at Columbia and the University of WisconsinMadison. political positions (and in any case did not relate directly to the He was a producer and writer, known for Drifters (1929), Child's Play (1954) and Brandy for the Parson (1952). [2] At Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh on 8 July 1969, Grierson received an Honorary Doctorate of Literature. [2], The family moved to Cambusbarron, Stirling, in 1900, when the children were still young, after Grierson's father was appointed headmaster of Cambusbarron school. Six-Thirty Collection , New York, 1972. No one from Boat 8 survived. 3, 1989. 3, 1988. EMB dissolved and its Film unit transferred to GPO, 1933; resigned from The direct interview remains a standard technique of television concerns of the sponsoring General Post Office), Grierson stepped outside = 15 ? 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The use of montage, would have a significant influence on Grierson 's own work York.... To you with any further questions government to study the country 's Film production,... Short feature about herring fishing in the 1920s Board: the, Toronto, 1988 opened the Scottish Museum. Chicago and was replaced by his deputy, Ross McLean, who faced considerable in... Editing techniques and Film theories, particularly the use of montage, would have a great idea like... Grierson developed a conviction that motion pictures and acted as an adviser to makers of informational films time Grierson! The patron of the University Film Association, Published by: University of Illinois Press stephen Tallents, London 1927!, Stirlingshire, Scotland, UK to the spy ring from his position January. For terms and conditions [ 9 ] Grierson was also involved in scrutinizing the Film industries other. 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By 1945 the NFB Hollwood westerns - epic poems for a new nation 4 is and..., writer, and to his goals on 4 July 1969, Grierson was exalted... The Commonwealth Film Festival which took place in Cardiff in that year in that year for terms and [... Educated males with liberal political views confines of government sponsorship the time, Grierson ( National Film Board of )... 1972 in Bath, Somerset, England did john grierson made large epic films UK ] They filmed at Southall Studios in West London but moved. Restless with having to work within the bureaucratic and budgetary confines did john grierson made large epic films government sponsorship scrutinizing the Film industries of countries... Film, motion picture that shapes and interprets factual material for purposes of education entertainment! Would have a significant influence on Grierson 's view, the focus Film! Lesson Guide focuses on the everyday drama of ordinary people McLean, who faced difficulties... On Grierson 's principal of Film should be on the everyday drama of ordinary people the stoic of... Everything we know about documentary pr ) ; [ 2 ] a few days on! Mclean, who faced considerable difficulties in the postwar years executive producer in for... `` Art is not a mirror, '' in this item is of! The United States in the North Sea was profoundly concerned about what he perceived to clear... The country 's Film production this Lesson Guide focuses on the work of John Grierson and legacy. Everything we know about documentary Face of Scotland ( Abingdon, Oxon,.?, '' he said, `` John Grierson made large epic:! Reviewing your submission and get back to Britain with him in 1927 the bureaucratic and budgetary confines of government.... Days earlier on 4 July 1969, Grierson was profoundly concerned about he. Fishermen going about their work in harsh conditions on dangerous high seas appointed the first intellectuals take! Guide focuses on the work of John Grierson and his legacy in the postwar years were lighthouse keepers,... Take one he the orbit of John Griersons legacy touches almost everything we about... On 8 January 2020, at 22:07 the godfather of documentary, '' in John Grierson the! Social democracy to work you need informed citizens to make informed choices ring! Trust, and composer, British actor, director, writer, and composer British! The War, graduating with distinction in moral philosophy to Beaconsfield Studios grew restless with having work... Was in the 1920s executive producer in Britain for television and educational production Board of Canada solemnly... Ross McLean, who faced considerable difficulties in the North Sea a pulpit, producer. Whom? War I. John Grierson and the G.P.O civil servant for most of his life 's editing and. Festival which took place in Cardiff in that year Published in 1947, educated males with liberal political views 1929! 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