He also organised Cheka paramilitary units. the secret police set up in 1917 by the Bolshevik government: reorganized in the Soviet Union in Dec 1922 as the GPU. As opposition to the Bolshevik regime grew through 1918, so did the size and power of the Cheka. By the end of the Civil War the Cheka had become a powerful force. Cheka rate (Abbreviation) (Formed: 1917; dissolved/reorganized: 1922.) Alexander Solzhenitsyn writes that some Cheka victims were force-fed large amounts of salted fish – but were prevented from drinking water. Search Results for CHEKA Meaning of CHEKA by its letters. By early March 1918, there were only 120 Chekists (Cheka agents). In doing so, driven by revolutionary fervour and unrestrained by law, by 1922 the Cheka had penetrated virtually every area of life in Soviet Russia. It wis creatit on December 20, 1917, efter a decree issued bi Vladimir Lenin, an wis subsequently led bi Felix Dzerzhinsky, a Pols aristocrat turned communist. Equinox 16:36, 8 November 2015 (UTC) By the autumn of 1918, these units numbered 33 battalions and more than 20,000 men. What does cheka mean? Report. See more. 3. It was created on 20 December 1917, after a decree issued by Vladimir Lenin. 5. For more information, visit our FAQ page or Terms of Use. He was a most unlikely radical – yet by the mid-1890s, Dzerzhinsky was involved in Marxist political groups in the Baltic. By late 1918, hundreds of Cheka committees had been created in various cities, at multiple levels including: oblast, guberniya, raion, … 'chad kha dgon), Kloster in Tibet; Ntabo Ntambui Cheka, Milizenführer im Kongo; Cheka (Cajuata), Ortschaft im Municipio Cajuata, Bolivien; Dies ist eine Begriffsklärungsseite zur Unterscheidung mehrerer mit demselben Wort bezeichneter Begriffe. translation and definition "cheka", Swahili-English Dictionary online. CHEKA agents also developed inventive but ghastly means of torture and psychological torment. Many thousands of dissidents, deserters, or other people were arrested, tortured or executed by Cheka groups. More significantly, the Cheka operated outside the rule of law. The Cheka grows. The decree ordered the formation of the “All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage”. Like most significant aspects of the new regime, the Cheka began with a decree from Vladimir Lenin and the Sovnarkom, dated December 19th 1917. Cheka. Cheka definition by Urban Dictionary. The Cheka is sometimes referred to as the Bolshevik ‘secret police’, though most Russians were well aware of its existence and activities. According to Louise Bryant,  Dzerzhinsky adored Lenin and was “shy, aloof and deeply puritanical” – but he was also ruthless and dispassionate, hardened by years of abuse and persecution. He eventually joined Lenin’s Bolshevik faction in 1906. These troops policed and ran the Gulag system; "requisitioned" food; tortured and executed political opponents; put down rebellions and riots by workers or peasants, and mutinies in the desertion-plagued Red Army.[5]. Dzerzhinsky was loyal to the point of fanaticism and had been hardened by years of imprisonment. Lenin preferred to leave the Cheka’s operational details and methods to the man he chose to lead it: Felix Dzerzhinksy. Publisher: Alpha History It was created on December 20, 1917, after a decree issued by Vladimir Lenin, and was subsequently led by aristocrat-turned-communist Felix Dzerzhinsky. Follow. ( ˈtʃɛka) n. (Historical Terms) Russian history the secret police set up in 1917 by the Bolshevik government: reorganized in the Soviet Union in Dec 1922 as the GPU. Cheka. By late 1918, hundreds of Cheka committees had been created in the cities. 2. Each local Cheka had its own speciality. Any promotional content will be deleted. Russian history. This infuriated Dzerzhinsky, who queried how it was possible for him to “crush counter-revolution with legal niceties”. WeTscheKa ist die Abkürzung für die Außerordentliche Allrussische Kommission zur Bekämpfung von Konterrevolution, Spekulation und Sabotage, die nach der Oktoberrevolution am 20. [4], From its start, the Cheka was an important military and security arm of the Bolshevik communist government. As the Bolsheviks expanded their definition of who was an enemy of the revolution, they also expanded the Cheka. All this was purposely done: to show Russians that the CHEKA was everywhere and dealt swiftly with those who betrayed or opposed the Bolshevik regime. Freebase (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this definition: Cheka. The first of a succession of Soviet state security organizations, created in 1917. The Cheka (sometimes called VeCheka) was the much-feared Bolshevik security agency, formed to identify and eradicate counter-revolutionary activity. What is the meaning/definition of the acronym CHEKA? 1. It even suppressed strikes by factory workers, the presumed rulers of the ‘workers’ state’.” Though Cheka agents had no standard uniform, many wore long leather coats and could be easily identified. Cheka Secret Police synonyms, Cheka Secret Police pronunciation, Cheka Secret Police translation, English dictionary definition of Cheka Secret Police. Plural Chekas can be found in Google Books. It acted of its own accord, investigated and arrested whoever it chose and answered to no one. cheka . A small force of just a few hundred men in early 1918, within two years the Cheka was one of the largest Soviet agencies, employing around 200,000 people. Cheka definition, (in the Soviet Union) the state secret-police organization (1917–22), succeeded by the GPU. The Cheka routinely used extra-legal violence and torture. Cheka M. Hier finden Sie Imformationen über die Bedeutung und den Ursprung des afrikanischen Baby-Namens Cheka. For more information on usage, please refer to our Terms of Use. URL: https://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/cheka/ Date accessed: January 22, 2021 The first of a succession of Soviet state security organizations, created in 1917. Definition funny of Cheka: In the Soviet Union, the state secret-police organization (1917–22), succeeded by the GPU. Atlas » Learn more about the world with our collection of regional and country maps. [6] The term is still found in use in Russia today. The Cheka’s directive was to “persecute and break up all acts of counter-revolution and sabotage all over Russia, no matter what their origin”, to “bring before the Revolutionary Tribunal all counter-revolutionaries and saboteurs and to work out a plan for fighting them”, and to “make preliminary investigation only, enough to break up [counter-revolutionary acts]”. Dzerzhinksy had devoted his life to the Bolshevik cause. Michael Kort. Derived terms . Official figures have of course disappeared, but a conservative estimate states that between 1917 and 1923 at least 200,000 ‘dissidents’ were shot by the Cheka in labour camps, while another 300,000 died in the suppression of working-class movements, strikes and mutinies. It was to be the “sword and shield of the revolution”, defending the new regime against its enemies within. The Cheka became the embodiment of Dzerzhinsky’s ruthlessness. Increases in anti-Bolshevik activity, the onset of the Civil War, the failed Left SR uprising of July 1918 and the assassination attempt on Lenin the following month saw the ranks of the Cheka grow exponentially. What is the definition of Cheka? Cheka Definition. In Kharkov, they went in for the ‘glove trick’ – burning the victim’s hands in boiling water until the blistered skin could be peeled off: this left the victims with raw and bleeding hands and their torturers with ‘human gloves’. Cheka definition in English dictionary, Cheka meaning, synonyms, see also 'Chekiang',ChE',cheap',cheat'. By 1919, the Cheka employed more than 100,000 people and was one of the largest and best-funded agencies of the Soviet state. Chekist; Translations A favourite winter torture was to pour water on the naked victims until they became living ice statues. With this free rein, Cheka agents were able to persecute, detain, torture and summarily execute thousands of suspected spies, tsarists, counter-revolutionaries, kulaks, black marketeers and other ‘enemies of the state’. What are synonyms for Cheka? Cheka agents operated on their own accord, carrying out arrests, detention and executions. Some Cheka killings were carried out more for public effect than any political purpose. The Cheka was the Bolshevik security force or secret police. The full name of the Cheka in 1918 was (in Russian) the "All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution, Profiteering and Corruption". For the intelligence service, see Cheka Tcheka (Manuel Lopes Andrade; born in Ribeira da Barca, Santiago, Cape Verde, on July 20, 1973) is a Cape Verdean singer, songwriter and guitarist, who is well known for his work in transposing the traditional genre batuque to the electro-acoustic guitar. CHEKA acronym or abbreviation means: C: Meaning of C in CHEKA. In reality, not all of its operations were secretive or concealed. Juni 2020 um 20:41 Uhr bearbeitet. checa translation in Spanish - English Reverso dictionary, see also 'checar',chueca',Ceca',chechear', examples, definition, conjugation The Cheka (sometimes called VeCheka) was the much-feared Bolshevik security agency, formed to identify and eradicate counter-revolutionary activity. Browse more videos. Dzerzhinsky neither denied nor retreated from the Cheka’s brutal role, declaring that “we stand for organised terror, terror being absolutely indispensable in the current revolutionary conditions”. It is not willing to take care of some subtle themes and … The Cheka is often described as the ‘Bolshevik secret police’. In the Soviet Union, the state secret-police organization (1917–22), succeeded by the GPU. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. Among the targets of the Cheka were Russian nationalists who objected strongly… Word:* Part of speech: Definition:* Sample sentence: All definitions are approved by humans before publishing. The existence and activities of the CHEKA were widely known and many of its operations were conducted openly and publicly. Within two years it had more than 100,000 employees. It was formed by Vladimir Lenin in a December 1917 decree and charged with identifying and dealing with potential counter-revolutionaries. The name of the agency was originally "The All-Russian Emergency Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage"(Russian: Всероссийская чрезвычайная комиссия по борьбе с контрреволюцией и саботажем; Vserossiyskaya chrezvychaynaya komissiya po bor'bye s kontrrevolyutsiyei i sabotazhem), but was often shortened to "Cheka" or "VCheka". Between 1918 and 1920, the Cheka ballooned from a couple of hundred investigators to a bureaucratic and paramilitary behemoth containing more than 100,000 agents. In Kiev, they affixed a cage with rats to the victim’s torso and heated it so that the enraged rats ate their way through the victim’s guts in an effort to escape. Official government figures suggest that just over 12,000 people were killed by Chekists in 1918-20. Citation information By late 1918, hundreds of Cheka committees had been created in the cities. History. Its first leader was Felix Dzerzhinsky. In Armavir, they crushed their skulls by tightening a leather strap with an iron bolt around their head. Playing next. The first Communist-government secret-police organization. In Odessa, they chained their victims to planks and pushed them slowly into a furnace or a tank of boiling water. [2], By late 1918, hundreds of Cheka committees had been created in the cities. Russian Revolution memory quiz – events 1907-1916, Russian Revolution memory quiz – events 1917, Russian Revolution memory quiz – events 1918-1924, Russian Revolution memory quiz – revolutionaries, Russian Revolution memory quiz – tsarists, Russian Revolution memory quiz: concepts (I), Russian Revolution memory quiz: concepts (II), Russian Revolution memory quiz: events 1906 to 1913, Russian Revolution memory quiz: events 1914 to 1916, Russian Revolution memory quiz: events to 1905. His ruthlessness and fanaticism came to rival that of Lenin. The Cheka is sometimes referred to as the Bolshevik ‘secret police’, though most Russians were well aware of its existence and activities. Publically gives the Cheka the right to deal with 'enemy agents, profiteers, marauders, hooligans, counter rev agitators and German spies' without going through the courtds.--> One day later 'saboteurs and other parasites is added' whom the Chekha should 'shoot on the spot' At the point of the Feb 21st 1918 document did would Cheka agents have an exact idea of who they were to target? The Cheka now outdid itself in cruelty by setting up forced labour camps entirely under its control. It was created on 20 December 1917, after a decree issued by Vladimir Lenin.Its first leader was Polish aristocrat-turned-communist Felix Dzerzhinsky.. History. This was sometimes done publicly, in order to provide a deterrent to those who might oppose the regime. Cheka (Russian) n (Russian history) the secret police set up in 1917 by the Bolshevik government: reorganized in the Soviet Union in Dec. 1922 as the GPU (C20: from Russian, acronym of Chrezvychainaya Komissiya Extraordinary Commission (to combat Counter … It hunted down speculators and hoarders, sometimes cordoning off entire neighbourhoods during its massive operations. A member of Cheka was called a "chekist" throughout the Soviet period, despite various official name changes. Cheka translation in English-Swedish dictionary. Its members were called Chekists well into the late 1980s. Cookies help us deliver our services. In its first two years, the Cheka executed 900 people suspected of trading on the black market. [3] After 1922, Cheka groups underwent many reorganizations, as did the NKVD. They used these to extract information or occasionally to create a public deterrent. Another example of this public gesturing was Lenin’s famous order to the Penza Cheka to hang at least 100 men, “and make sure that the hanging takes place in full view of the people”. The Tsaritsyn Cheka sawed its victims’ bones in half. Make sure you have a side on you, do not be shy to show it. The Cheka was the first Soviet state security organization. Suttas (sutras) from the Tipitaka (Tripitaka) in Pali, Chinese, Sanskrit, and Tibetan with the Buddha's teachings on … “One feels he can neither understand nor forgive moral weaknesses in others, since he himself possesses that fanatical devotion which has made it possible for him to travel the hard, bitter road where his ideals lead”, Bryant wrote. Some of the more ghastly Cheka methods are described by historian Orlando Figes in his book A People’s Tragedy: The ingenuity of the Cheka’s torture methods was matched only by the Spanish Inquisition. After 1922, Cheka groups underwent many reorganizations, as did the NKVD. 5 years ago | 39 views. Cheka bezeichnet: Cheka-Kloster (tib. What is the meaning of Cheka? Another 600 bureaucrats were executed for “economic crimes”, mostly taking bribes. Early Buddhist texts and modern translations. Dzerzhinsky was technically accountable to the Sovnarkom but only reported Cheka operations after they had taken place. In 1918, the Cheka came into conflict with the Commissariat of Justice, which demanded to be notified before the arrest of suspects. For example, President Vladimir Putin has been referred to in the Russian media as a "chekist" due to his career in the KGB. Written records of these methods were not kept so they are anecdotally based and possibly prone to exaggeration or falsification. The Cheka became a model for 20th century secret police agencies in totalitarian states, including the Gestapo (Nazi Germany), the Stasi (East Germany) and the KGB (Soviet Russia). The Cheka was headed by Feliz Dzerzhinsky, a Bolshevik of Polish extraction. The name ‘Cheka’ was an abbreviated form of Chrezvychainaia Komissiia, the Russian for ‘Extraordinary Commission’. The Cheka (a forerunner of the notorious KGB), or political police, was formed in December 1917 to protect communist power. Copy to clipboard; Details / edit; omegawiki. Dezember 1917 gegründete Staatssicherheit Sowjetrusslands, auf deren Tradition sich die politische Polizei der Ende 1922 gegründeten Sowjetunion berief. According to historian Edward Peters, some of the torture methods employed by the CHEKA included beating, burning, branding and scalping. Copyright © HarperCollins Publishers. This page was last changed on 19 January 2021, at 21:09. How to use history in a sentence. Enrich your vocabulary with the English Definition dictionary Cheka was the first of a succession of Soviet state security organizations. (pronoun) “Its original mandate was to root out the regime’s enemies: the counter-revolutionaries and saboteurs, enemy agents and speculators. Cheka meaning and pronunciation. Hiervon abgeleitet wurde der Ausdruck Tschekisten für die … The Cheka [1] was the first Soviet state security organization. Given a virtual blank cheque, Dzerzhinsky ordered the recruitment of thousands of new agents. In Voronezh, they rolled their naked victims in nail-studded barrels. This site is created and maintained by Alpha History. Cheka in British English. In the lead up to the October Revolution, he became one of Lenin’s most trusted lieutenants. Dzerzhinsky’s incorruptible fanaticism and hard-heartedness earned him the epithets ‘Iron Felix’ and the ‘Iron Count’. In 1918, CHEKA agents appeared in the audience of a Moscow circus and began shooting after one of its clowns, Bim Bom, made fun of the Bolsheviks and their leaders. In 1921 the troops of the Cheka numbered 200,000. From that point, the Cheka was never restricted by the rule of law or any obligation to due process or the rights of suspects. 4. Does it refer to individual members of the Cheka? [7], From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, "Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Soviet Union / Glossary", "A Stalin slip and Putin trick | Opinion", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cheka&oldid=7295660, Articles containing Russian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Title: “The Cheka” It was active in assuring the food supply, in maintaining transport, in policing the Red Army and Navy, in monitoring the schools, and in ensuring that industries continued to function and deliver essential material to the state. During its four year lifespan, the Cheka carried out arrests, interrogations, executions and campaigns entirely of its own accord. Cheka (ЧК – чрезвыча́йная коми́ссия chrezvychaynaya komissiya, Emergency Committee, Roushie pronunciation: ) wis the first o a succession o Soviet state security organisations. Copyright: The content on this page may not be republished without our express permission. became politically radicalized after his older brother was executed in 1887 for plotting to assassinate Czar Alexander III At first, the Cheka was small and its operations were limited. He chose Bolsheviks he could trust for the difficult task of securing the revolution, men who were neither corruptible nor squeamish. While the Cheka’s methods drew on those used by the Okhrana, its size and willingness to use extra-legal killing both surpassed the activities of the Tsarist security police. Collins English Dictionary. Welche Bedeutung hat der Name Cheka und welcher Herkunft ist er? In 1918 its name was changed, becoming "All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution, Profiteer… The Cheka was not accountable to judges or courts and there was no legal oversight of its operations. Its members were called Chekists well into the late 1980s. Garb Slang. Date published: August 10, 2019 On receiving the decree, Dzerzhinsky began recruiting Cheka agents. History definition is - tale, story. Authors: Jennifer Llewellyn, Michael McConnell, Steve Thompson Lenin subsequently altered Soviet regulations so that the Cheka was required to notify the Commissariat of an arrest or execution after after it had happened, rather than before. The Cheka was formed in the wake of the October 1917 revolution, as a small agency to investigate and deal with threats to the new regime. The decree forming the Cheka was broadly worded and contained few specific instructions about how it should operate. Cheka definition is - secret police (as in a Communist-dominated country) having virtually unrestrained power over life and death. Dzerzhinksy spent more than a decade in prisons and labour camps before his release during the 1917 amnesty. Initially very small with just a couple of hundred agents, the Cheka grew rapidly during the turmoil and growing opposition of 1918. It surrounded villages and short peasants resisting the forced requisitions of grain, often leaving the peasants who remained alive without enough to eat. This Russian Revolution site contains articles, sources and perspectives on events in Russia between 1891 and 1927. A week later, the phrase “combating profiteering” was also added to the Cheka’s formal title. Russian (ˈtʃɛka) noun. Diese Seite wurde zuletzt am 16. Its first leader was Polish aristocrat-turned-communist Felix Dzerzhinsky. The Cheka was created on December 20, 1917, after a decree issued by Vladimir Lenin, and was subsequently led by aristocrat-turned-communist Felix Dzerzhinsky. It contains 179,175 words in 288 pages and was updated on October 10th 2020. A historian’s view: Bedeutung von Cheka: Bedeutung unbekannt: Cheka Ursprung: afrikanisch: Cheka in Wiki Encyclopedia: Wikipedia: Google: Suche Cheka bei Google : Barcode-Generator: Ähnliche Namen wie Cheka Cherethims Chepe … Born in Poland in 1877, Dzerzhinsky’s family were wealthy landed gentry with claims to a noble title. Link to this page: Add or improve a definition. Chekists operated as investigators, arresting authorities, interrogators, prosecutors, judges, juries and executioners. The astonishing understanding of individuals, avoiding long conversations also undermines these. Some historians suggest that 200,000 or more are more realistic figures. How do you use Cheka in a sentence? 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Instructions about how it should operate accord, investigated and arrested whoever it chose answered. Rolled their naked victims in nail-studded barrels Rate ( Abbreviation ) ( formed: 1917 ;:. Turmoil and growing opposition of 1918, there were only 120 Chekists ( Cheka agents ) than... Other people were killed by Chekists in 1918-20 that of Lenin ’ s title! Be the “ All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage ” 0 votes ) this! Rival that of Lenin ’ s operational Details and methods to the Sovnarkom only. The Soviet Union, the Cheka was broadly worded and contained few specific instructions about how it operate... November 2015 ( UTC ) What is the meaning/definition of the largest and best-funded agencies of revolution...

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