Moreover, this area had the potential for a significant residential expansion, being suitable for the relocation of a large number of British nationals to the region. The Italian occupation of Ethiopia ended in 1941 during World War II as part of the East African Campaign.The French also staked out an East African outpost on the route to French Indochina. The Western Hemisphere includes about half of Antarctica and all of North and South America which includes the Caribbean and Central America as well as Greenland. The trading ships made their way down the east coast of Africa stopping at towns to trade for African goods such as ivory, gold, myrrh to make a fine skin oil, animal skins, frankincense and ambergris used to make perfumes, and slaves. Along the coasts, you can find dugongs, whale sharks, dolphins, whales, and five species of marine turtles. Madagascar is by far the biggest, and a continent on its own when it comes to wildlife. Weather extremes also severely threaten the regions traditional livelihoods of farming and fishing. The region has endured the following post-colonial conflicts: Kenya has enjoyed relatively stable governance. They have revealed an extensive pre-Muslim settlement standing on the edge of what was the finest harbour on the coast. Coastal East Africa encompasses a beautiful tapestry of land and seafrom mountains and grasslands to mangroves and fringing coral reefs. Best Answer. The visible mantle tissue is responsible for its colourful appearance, and it harbours large populations of single-celled photosynthetic algae or zooxanthellae. ~ Peet J. van Eeden. East Africa is a region that begins in Tanzania in the south and extends north through the great grasslands and scrub forest of the savannas of Kenya and Uganda and then across the highlands of Ethiopia, including the Great Rift Valley. We also work with local communities in Mozambique and Kenya to reduce turtle harvesting and local trade. The easternmost point of the continent, that is Ras Hafun in Somalia, is of archaeological, historical and economical importance. This has led to major pollution and overfishing. [47] The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. East Africa Discover East Africa & the Indian Ocean Islands - Enjoy Breathtaking Scenery, Wonderful Plants & Trees, Countless Varieties of Birds & Abundant Wildlife East Africa is home to some of the continent's most famous sights, but also some of its least explored corners. All rights reserved. Portugal's main goal on the Swahili coast was to take control of the spice trade from the Arabs. East African Islands Type: territory Description: Islands in the Indian Ocean off the eastern coast of Africa. NEW YORK -- News that Tanzania will revive a $10 billion port project in the town of Bagamoyo has ignited speculation that . Moreover, at Zanzibar an extant Kfic inscription (the only one) recording the construction of a mosque by Sheikh al-Sayyid Ab Imrn Ms ibn al-asan ibn Muammad in 1107 confirms that by this time substantial Muslim settlements had been established. The largest ethnic groups in eastern Africa are the Oromo, Cushitic speakers who occupy much of southern Ethiopia, and the related Somali, who occupy all of Somalia, southeastern Ethiopia, and much of Djibouti. 11. Area 1,420,236 square miles (3,678,394 square km). WWF works to sustain the natural world for the benefit of people and wildlife, collaborating with partners from local to global levels in nearly 100 countries. Here are the possible solutions for "Republic in East Africa, on the Indian Ocean" clue. Among these languages are Kikuyu, Luhya, Kinyarwanda, Kirundi, Kisukuma, Luganda and many others. Eastern Africa consists largely of plateaus and has most of the highest elevations in the continent. Here the situation differed somewhat from that in the north, and, though tortoiseshell and rhinoceros horn were exported from thereas were quantities of ivory and coconut oilno mention is made of slaves. WWF encourages the use of turtle excluder devices (TEDs) in shrimp trawlers, which allow marine turtles to escape from nets. The ethnic fabric in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda is much more fragmented, with many smaller peoples intermingled or occupying discrete territories. This little piece of heaven is very popular for honeymoons and romantic breaks. A frenzy of dolphins off the coast of Cote d-Ivoire Gary Krosin (Photographer of the Year 2018 Entrant), ? Arab governance of all the major ports along the Swahili coast continued until British interests aimed particularly at ending the slave trade and creation of a wage-labour system began to put pressure on Omani rule. Chami, F. A. [40][41], The migration route of the "Out of Africa" theory probably occurred in East Africa however through Bab el Mandeb. Click the image for a larger view. The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Eastern Africa, 16001800 A.D. Humanities LibreTexts - East Africa and the Horn of Africa, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - East Africa, Ugandan lawmaker introduces new anti-LGBTQ legislation, French court to rule on TotalEnergies' east Africa projects, Jill Biden sees East Africa drought up close, seeks more aid, Kenya labor court rules that Facebook can be sued. The first identifiable building sites are dated from this time, and, according to Arab geographers, the East African coast was then generally thought of as being divided into four: (1) Berber (Amazigh) lands, which ran down the Somalian coast to the Shabeelle River, (2) Zanj proper, (3) the land of Sofala in present-day Mozambique, whence gold was beginning to be shipped by about the 10th century, and (4) a vaguely described land of Waq waq, beyond. Each year, tons of flip. The Omani Arabs posed the most direct challenge to Portuguese influence in the African Great Lakes region.By this time, the Portuguese Empire had already lost its interest on the spice trade sea route due to the decreasing profitability of that business. It flows south along the east coast of Africafrom 27S to 40S. [67] Portuguese rule in the African Great Lakes region focused mainly on a coastal strip centered around Mombasa. Some are sovereign nations in their own right, while others are little-known secrets that harbor fantastic cultural and natural treasures. Burundi, Rwanda, and Uganda have each faced instability and ethnic conflict since independence, most notably the 1994 Rwandan genocide and the 1993 Burundi genocide and subsequent Burundian Civil War. Zanzibar is now a semi-autonomous state in a union with the mainland which is collectively and commonly referred to as Tanzania. The East African Rift valley, the Red Sea, and the Gulf of Aden are clearly visible in this Landsat 8 image, taken on 8 November 2019. . Roland Oliver, et al. Its a beautiful part of the world this blue desert with its hidden abundance of life. [42] Lowland barriers and diseases carried by the tsetse fly, however, prevented the donkey and agriculture from spreading southwards. The Periplus describes in some detail the shore of what was to become northern Somalia. [30][31] The recognition of Homo sapiens idaltu and Omo Kibish as anatomically modern humans would justify the description of contemporary humans with the subspecies name Homo sapiens sapiens. The use of deterrentsnoise or chili peppershas resulted in a dramatic reduction of conflicts and crop field destruction. Its here, in the deep, pelagic waters, where blue sharks (Prionace glauca) call it home. The east African island map will guide you through Madagascar which is situated off the coast of Mozambique. History buffs should spend some time in Lamu Town, which is full of old Swahili architecture, with buildings made of mangrove timber and coral stone, and huge, carved wooden doors. Map Directions Satellite Photo Map Wikivoyage Wikipedia Photo: Wikimedia, CC BY-SA 3.0. Over several centuries countless East Africans were sold as slaves by Muslim Arabs to the Middle East and other places via the Sahara desert and Indian Ocean. The Portuguese presence in the area officially began after 1505, when flagships under the command of Don Francisco de Almeida conquered Kilwa, an island located in what is now southern Tanzania. In and around Quirimbas National Park in northern Mozambique, we have worked with farmers to minimize physical confrontation with elephants, protect crop fields and save lives. Nilotic languages, such as Luo, Kalenjin, Maasai and Nuer, are spoken in lesser numbers, primarily in the African Great Lakes and Nile Valley. 2023 World Wildlife Fund. His first stop was Zeila, a port of the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia with a large Muslim community. Ships sailed from there to western India to bring back cotton cloth, grain, oil, sugar, and ghee, while others moved down the Red Sea to the East African coast bringing cloaks, tunics, copper, and tin. The east coast of Africa holds a bounty of life that rivals the land. This particular shark was cruising with the outgoing current towards the lagoon entrance as a storm front darkened the sky on the horizon. The Indian Ocean trade was conducted through the barter system but later coins were used as a medium of exchange. In: The Spice Trade of the Roman Empire. Overharvesting of timber and illegal commercial logging continue to threaten forests in Coastal East Africa. The grasslands of Tanzania and Kenya are renowned for their wildlife, in particular large migratory herds of ungulates (e.g., gnus, zebras, and gazelles) and predators (lions, hyenas, and leopards). The British also held a number of island colonies in the region, including the extended archipelago of Seychelles and the rich farming island of Mauritius, previously under the French sovereignty. The east coast of South Africa has a generally well-defined and narrow continental shelf area. This answer is: [citation needed] As cattle terminology in use amongst the few modern Bantu pastoralist groups suggests, the Bantu migrants would acquire cattle from their new Cushitic neighbors. It's more than 41 million square miles, the second . The British Museum. WWF also facilitated the organization of local fishing communities and helped build their capacity to combat illegal fishing, create alternative sources of income, and implement environmental education programs. We collaborate with authorities on a comprehensive investigation of illegal practices in an effort to create new policies and standards that mandate sustainable forest management and trade. 1: The volcanic ridge offshore Mayotte. 110. Just off the coast of Kenya, it's a peaceful island, free of cars and surrounded by the Indian Ocean. During the following fifteen centuries, the Bantu slowly intensified farming and grazing over all suitable regions of East Africa, in the process making contact with Austronesian- and Arabic-speaking settlers on southern coastal areas. Eastern Africa consists largely of plateaus and has most of the highest elevations in the continent. Coverage of the regions physical and human geography can be found in the article Africa. Apparently established in the 9th century, it is distinguished for its seawalls of coral blocks, each of which weighs up to a ton. Increased numbers of fish in the sanctuary areas benefit local fishermen who catch more fish in the surrounding areas, and have fueled a profitable tourism industry. Vast coastlines and active ports, combined with inadequate law enforcement and customs capacity, allow for large-scale shipments to move easily into international markets in Asia. However, the creation of clove plantations, intensification of the slave trade and relocation of the Omani capital to Zanzibar in 1839 by Seyyid Said had the effect of consolidating the Omani power in the region.[67]. Atlantic Ocean, body of salt water covering approximately one-fifth of Earth's surface and separating the continents of Europe and Africa to the east from those of North and South America to the west. This warm water current runs south along the east coast of southern Africa from ~25S to 40S, and is the Western Boundary Current of the South Indian Ocean. The southern part of East Africa was occupied until recent times by Khoisan hunter-gatherers, whereas in the Ethiopian Highlands the donkey and such crop plants as teff allowed the beginning of agriculture around 7,000 BCE. Africa borders on both the North and South Atlantic, from roughly the location of Cape Town to Gibraltar. Off the coast of East Africa is the Indian Ocean. The child here is unidentified except that he is beind held for sale as a slave. Author of. Evidence was found in 2018, dating to about 320,000 years ago, at the Kenyan site of Olorgesailie, of the early emergence of modern behaviors associated with Homo sapiens, including: long-distance trade networks (involving goods such as obsidian), the use of pigments, and the possible making of projectile points. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. The Eastern, or Great, Rift Valley extends from the Red Seas junction with the Gulf of Aden southward across the highlands of Ethiopia and Kenya and continues on into Tanzania. Washington, DC 20037. The traders relied on the monsoon winds to blow their ships to and from the east African coast. On the east coast of Africaat the western edge of the Indian Oceanlies a narrow strip of land that has hosted travelers for thousands of years. Between the two rift valleys lies a plateau that comprises most of Uganda and western Tanzania and includes Lake Victoria. All travel bookings booked via Trust my Travel are financially protected by them. Blue sharks have the largest distribution range around the globe, and are unfortunately the shark species targeted the most by fishermen for their fins. ~ Geo Cloete, ? The red stood for the English, blue stood for the French, and the beige stood for Germany during the period of colonialism. The Dragonfly Sea, by Yvonne Adhiambo Owuor. (2009 est.) 7 Days in Entebbe, The Last King of Scotland, Out of Africa, Queen of Katwe, The Constant Gardener, Hotel Rwanda, The Good Lie, and Captain Phillips are a few of the critically acclaimed movies. Farmers are often killed while trying to defend their fields and elephants become the source of resentment and anger by the local communities. Following the Zanzibar Revolution of 1965, the independent state of Tanganyika formed the United Republic of Tanzania by creating a union between the mainland, and the island chain of Zanzibar. For example, we work with farmers to adopt drought resistant crops and conserve natural resources in the face of water shortages. The team of the East African Marine Transect is on a journey to explore the coral reefs of East Africa and get an understanding of their current health and status. Sharm el-Sheikh has become . However, the town was taken and destroyed, and its large treasures went to strengthen the resources of Almeida. East Africa & Indian Ocean cruises. Fig. Discounts at Africas best lodges and on our hand-made packages subscribers only, STORIES & DISCUSSIONS For discussion of the physical and human geography of individual countries in the region and of their late colonial and postcolonial history, see Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda. Elephants have learned that raiding farmers fields can provide them with tasty treatsleaving little for the farmer and his family. In the Horn of Africa and Nile Valley, Afroasiatic languages predominate, including languages of the family's Cushitic (such as Beja, Oromo and Somali), Semitic (such as Amharic, Arabic and Tigrinya), and Omotic (such as Wolaytta) branches. Starting in the 1850s, the small protectorate of Djibouti became French Somaliland in 1897. Has ignited speculation that continent, that is Ras Hafun in Somalia, is of archaeological, historical and importance. From spreading southwards, Tanzania, and a continent on its own when comes. Africa holds a bounty of life that rivals the land, Luhya Kinyarwanda. Is the Indian Ocean off the coast it & # x27 ; s more 41... 41 million square miles ( 3,678,394 square km ) of conflicts and crop field destruction has... Found in the African Great Lakes region focused mainly on a coastal strip centered around.. 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