Richner H. Understanding and Forecasting Alpine Foehn. Atherton WG, Harper WM, Abrams KR. The Top 10 causes of death [http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death]. This study a also stated July and August to be the months with an anticipated high trauma volume independent of high temperature [23]. However, the results are divergent. That warm dry wind roaring down from the mountain glaciers occurs when moist air builds up on the southern side of the Alps. Regarding the influence of wind on trauma, the amount of publications is limited. Sci Total Environ. It is, alpine communities insist, a very special wind, with very special properties. Emerg Med J. given to a foehn wind in Southern California. Mortality rates following trauma: the difference is night and day. Read about our approach to external linking. The scientific leadership is provided by the Committee on Emergency Medicine, Intensive Care and Trauma Management (Sektion NIS) of the German Trauma Society. As for health effects of turbines, light flicker is an issue. Amiel M. Geography of health. Data and numerical model For the EHT events, we used observational data from the auto- We rather expect the good visibility during a foehn-typical circulation with higher temperatures to be responsible for increased free time activity, thus resulting in a higher incidence of free time-associated accidents. They can cause rapid melting or sublimation of snow due to the wind’s warmth and low humidity. These studies, also known as the “Innsbruck Foehn Studies”, investigated the effect of foehn winds on the general feeling of students at the University of Innsbruck [3]. 2006-2010;2014(76):1–15. When that dry warm wind blows, it sucks all the moisture out of the air, meaning the visibility is uncannily clear. Chicago/Turabian Style The data indicate that the main proportion of foehn days occurred in fall and winter months. Because there is no direct registration of foehn winds in Germany, a model had to be calculated from the standardized measured data which approximates the characteristics of foehn-typical circulation. Am J Med Qual. When you add in strong winds, this lifts the air over high ground. Naik B, Tung LW, Zhao S, Khattak AJ. J Trauma. The presence of foehn wind is associated with worsening health conditions. It's something we actually love. Bad weather conditions in winter do not seem to influence the overall daily trauma load. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. "Others - they have hurricanes, they have cyclones. Liu A, Soneja SI, Jiang C, Huang C, Kerns T, Beck K, Mitchell C, Sapkota A. Deaths attributed to heat, cold, and other weather events in the United States. The multivariate regression analysis revealed a daily increase of 0.87 individuals (p = 0.004; 95% CI 0.23–1.47) on foehn days. People often complain about health-related issues worsening due to foehn wind. An evaluation of the effect of wind speed on trauma admissions and injury severity at a Midwest level I trauma center. Iran's leader tweets attack threat to golfer Trump, Google threatens to pull search engine in Australia, .css-1snjdh1-IconContainer{display:none;height:0.875em;width:0.875em;vertical-align:-0.0625em;margin-right:0.25em;}'Only our generation can heal America' Video'Only our generation can heal America', ‘The painful call that helped me break free from my mum’. 2020;17(8):1-15. Epidemiology of injuries: current trends and future challenges. As well as creating a warmer climate, these dry winds can increase the potential for wild fires during the summer months which may affect flying operations. Tips for helping your child's mental health. 1978;39(5):385–92. 1933;89:605–58. For the presence of a foehn event in Southern Bavaria, the air pressure distribution in Europe has to generate a circulation directed from south to north over the Alps. © 2021 BBC. Of those, 65.1% were male and 34.9% were female. On days without a foehn-typical circulation, the mean number of daily admitted patients was 4.2. In the polar regions, many ice shelves have been destroyed by this wind. However, there is consensus over a few widely accepted health effects. The years from 2013 to 2016 were analyzed for the presence of foehn winds. "As soon as it reaches the (alpine) divide the air descends, and while descending, the air warms," explains Peter Stucki, a climate historian and Foehn specialist at Berne University. The mistral. 2011;28(10):851–5. 2009;67(5):1103–8. The participating hospitals submit their data in pseudo-anonymized form into a central database via a web-based application. In most cases, however, the shadows only pass over a specific location a few minutes on any sunny day, the GVSU team concluded. Some people do not like very dry winds regardless of their overall thermal effects. Part of Pape-Kohler CI, Simanski C, Nienaber U, Lefering R. External factors and the incidence of severe trauma: time, date, season and moon. A younger patient age and an increased hospital admission during the night substantiate this theory [27, 28]. Leukerbad, located in a side valley, rarely experiences the full force of the Foehn, but the effects of this wind are well known: people say that the Foehn brings headaches, makes them depressed, invites suicide, and generates a feeling of ill health. The incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) exhibits environmental temperature seasonality and various day effects but was unaffected by föhn winds. Such winds are extremely wet and warm and arrive off the western coast of North America from the southwest. However, we were not able to identify a significant effect of a foehn typical circulation on pediatric trauma admissions. Many studies investigated the influence of adverse weather events on the workload of trauma treatment facilities with different levels of impact of the respective conditions. Guidelines including permission to use and adapt: https://www.google.com/intl/en-GB/permissions/geoguidelines/. California Privacy Statement, For example, Maciejczak et al. On Tuesdays, the number of daily admitted patients was the lowest (3.9 patients). Can J Surg. Heat and high temperature are associated with an increase of hospital admissions due to trauma [20]. CAS  Individuals were treated in 37 hospitals of Southern Bavaria which participate in the TraumaRegister DGU®, an international register that includes all severe trauma patients, mainly in Germany. http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death, http://www.adac.de/infotestrat/ratgeber-verkehr/statistiken/default.aspx, https://www.google.com/intl/en-GB/permissions/geoguidelines/, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03572-z, Epidemiology of musculoskeletal disorders, bmcmusculoskeletaldisorders@biomedcentral.com. "In our over controlled world the Foehn is something still untameable," suggests Peter Stucki. Terms and Conditions, Parsons N, Odumenya M, Edwards A, Lecky F, Pattison G. Modelling the effects of the weather on admissions to UK trauma units: a cross-sectional study. For defining a day as characterized by a foehn circulation, both criteria have to be present for at least six hours. Bhattarcharyya et al. 1. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 21, 568 (2020). For example, the influence of different lunar phases is well-investigated. "People get headaches when they hear the Foehn is coming," he says. "No, not at all, no. Data and numerical model For the EHT events, we used observational data from the auto- .css-14iz86j-BoldText{font-weight:bold;}It's common to hear people say that weather affects their health. There was no significant difference between foehn days and no foehn days (p = 0.063) according to gender. "It gets drier and speeds up; we call it a down-slope wind storm, or a lee warm-air flow. The TraumaRegister DGU® aims to include severely injured patients, which might explain the slightly higher percentage of patients presenting with an ISS ≥ 16 in both groups. Background: Foehn describes a wind which occurs in areas with close proximity to mountains. 2005;36(1):40–6. It is well-investigated that adverse weather events such as heavy precipitation, frost, heat, and high wind velocity may influence the possibility of accidents, often leading to severe injuries [10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Injury. The aim of this multicenter database is a pseudo-anonymized and standardized documentation of severely injured patients. Keywords: Foehn wind, Trauma, Polytrauma, Foehn wind Bavaria, TraumaRegister DGU® Background Foehn describes a very strong, warm and dry wind. Southern Bavaria is a typical foehn wind region. were able to exclude an effect of foehn days on the number of notifications of illness in the Munich population over a period of 3 months in the 1970s [38]. 1. The caused meteorological effects are dry-adiabatically and wet-adiabatically cooling on the upwind side of elevated terrain and dry-adiabatically heating on the downwind side. Emerg Med J. We detected an increased hospital admission on days with a foehn-typical circulation. For the first time, we were able to demonstrate that the presence of a foehn-typical circulation potentially increases trauma-induced hospital admission. In this study, we included patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of at least 9 with post-ER admission to ICU or prior to death in the ER from 2013 to 2016. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Cities of the 37 included hospitals: Hausham, Bad Tölz, Murnau, Munich (12 hospitals), Dachau, Schongau, Weilheim, Augsburg, Freising, Fürstenfeldbruck, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Erding, Landsberg am Lech, Starnberg, Traunstein, Altötting, Bad Reichenhall, Ebersberg, Wertingen, Wolfratshausen, Kaufbeuren, Bad Aibling, Prien, Rosenheim, Bobingen. Anecdotally, residents in areas of frequent foehn winds have reported experiencing a variety of illnesses ranging from migraines to psychosis. 200, 51109, Cologne, Germany, Department of Trauma Surgery, Diakonie-Klinikum Schwäbisch Hall, Diakoniestraße 10, 74523, Schwäbisch Hall, Germany, You can also search for this author in For a foehn event, a difference of 6 hPa between south and north is needed. In the Santa Barbara area, foehn winds are known as sundowner while in the Bay Area, they are known as Diablo winds. J Trauma. By the time it reaches the peaks and stops climbing, the air is quite dry. On average, 4.3 patients (0–15 patients) were admitted on a daily basis due to a severe trauma. Article  We have the Foehn.". The negative effects that these invasive species present to the local environment include: Reduced biodiversity; Altered hydrologic and/or soil conditions However, Parsons et al. Weather and Chinook winds in relation to spontaneous pneumothoraces. A year's trauma admissions and the effect of the weather. In summer, spring and on Saturdays, the trauma-induced hospital admission is increased, whereas during fall and winter months, the daily number of admitted patients decreases. Rosen S. Weathering. Authors describe that foehn winds lead to general illness symptoms (headache, tiredness, insomnia, nausea, circulatory dysfunctions). In detail, three criteria have to be met for the presence of foehn winds: The difference in air pressures between weather stations south (Bolzano and Trento, Italy) and north (Munich, Germany) of the Alps was calculated. According to Berg et al., the potential influence of foehn winds in the population is equivalent to a “mass psychosis” [9]. Dry adiabatic warming: Due to its higher density, the cool air descends after passing the crest. Scand J Surg. Originating from Latin (ventus) favonius, a mild west wind of which Favonius was the Roman personification [5] and probably transmitted by Romansh: favuogn or just fuogn, the term was adopted as Old High German: phōnno. However, an increased incidence of trauma was refuted [22, 32, 33]. However, the role of the foehn wind on the event has not yet been investigated. The presence of foehn wind is associated with worsening health conditions. A multivariate regression analysis was performed. Due to the impact of different meteorological conditions, hospitals might adjust resources when an increased patient load is expected. Rohden M. Einfluß des Föhns auf das körperlich-seelische defilden. The results show a daily increase of 1.07 admitted patients in spring (95% confidence interval 0.72–1.42), 1.98 (95% confidence interval 1.63–2.32) in summer, 0.63 in fall (95% confidence interval 0.28–0.97) and 0.59 admitted patients on Saturdays (95% confidence interval 0.24–0.93). Maciejczak A, Guzik A, Wolan-Nieroda A, Wojcik M, Pop T. Impact of Foehn Wind and Related Environmental Variables on the Incidence of Cardiac Events. Lieber AL. 2001;51:118–22. We love the wildness; we love the natural force of the wind. Between 2013 and 2016, 6215 individuals from 37 trauma hospitals in Bavaria met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in this study. The experiment concluded that, even after adjusting for other weather variables, wind direction had a notable effect on mental health; specifically, a southeasterly wind raised anxiety and lowered energy levels. But, he told Swiss radio, there was no real scientific evidence linking the Foehn, or other winds, and headaches. This study is not without limitations. The TraumaRegister DGU® of the German Trauma Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie, DGU) was founded in 1993. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. What is clear is that the Foehn is regarded not just as special, but with great affection by people in the Alps, despite the negative effects some claim it can have. Changes also in animals behaviours: dogs, cattle. The wind called the Santa Ana here is known as the foehn in Western Europe and the khamsin in the Middle East. FG/KGK/SHW participated in the study design, conducted the literature search and drafted the manuscript. Leipzig: Geest und Portig; 1948. The influence of meteorological factors on the occurrence of trauma and motor vehicle collisions in Tokyo. Foehn describes a very strong, warm and dry wind. Performing a multivariate regression analysis with the number of daily patients admitted being the primary target value in dependence of spring, summer, fall, Saturdays and presence of foehn winds revealed a significant influence of a foehn-typical circulation on suffering a severe trauma (p = 0.004). 2020; 17(8):2638. Does he feel the effects of the Foehn? The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Stomp W, Fidler V, ten Duis HJ, Nijsten MW. This wind breezes down the Rhone valley in Europe. Epidemic migraine events, thromboembolisms and severe changes in … Statistical testing was performed using SPSS Software by IBM (New York, USA). Watkins CJ, Feingold PL, Hashimoto B, Johnson LS, Dente CJ. Many, for example, claim that joint pain, the increased twinge of an arthritic knee perhaps, is a sure sign that cold wet weather is on the way. Effects Winds of this type are called "snow-eaters" for their ability to make snow melt or sublimate rapidly. This study analyzes the correlation between a foehn typical circulation and the incidence for suffering a severe trauma. Some health effects in weather-afflicted people are similar to those with microbial infections. All meteorological data were obtained from a subunit of the German Meteorological service, Research Centre Human Biometeorology in Freiburg (DWD – Deutscher Wetterdienst). MacKenzie EJ. Article  The effect of foehn winds on health is described in several studies. The purpose of this study is to quantify the effects of the foehn wind on this EHT event. A foehn results from the ascent of moist air up the windward slopes; as this air climbs, it expands and cools until it becomes saturated with water vapour, after which it cools more slowly because its moisture is condensing as rain or snow, releasing latent heat. FM TB. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. We analyzed patient data derived from the TraumaRegister DGU® (TR-DGU) over a period of 4 years (2013–2016). There was no significant correlation. Whatever the name, the winds “contain an excess of positive ions,” Puzo said. This is a retrospective, multicentre observational register study. High temperature leads to an increase of 1.8% of adult trauma admission [15]. The term Chinook wind is also used in British Columbia, and is the original usage, being rooted in the lore of coastal tribes and brought to Alberta by the fur-traders. A good example of such a mountain is the Eiger mountain of the Bernese Alps in Switzerland. During its descent, the air warms proportionally by 1 °C per 100 m. This results in a warm dry wind on the northern side of the Alps with a clear vision without clouds. Trauma Mon. That contributes to broader studies of its effects. And Ludwig Z'graggen of MeteoSwiss suggests that the historic belief that the Foehn causes headaches, combined with modern weather forecasts which warn that it is on the way, may also be a factor. Focusing on daily trauma admissions without dependence of foehn winds, on average, 5.4 patients were admitted in summer (368 days), whereas 3.4 individuals were admitted in the winter months (361 days). As additional limitation, local factors such as festivals and holidays could cause potential bias as they differ in the respective regions. Wind direction and wind velocity were measured at the weather station on the summit of the Zugspitze. The increase of pediatric admission even accounts for up to 11% [21]. Our results show that the foehn can affect air pollution through two effects: direct wind transport of air pollutants, and altering the air mass properties to inhibit boundary layer growth and thus indirectly aggravating air pollution. Google Scholar. "You have an incredible view, you can see for miles and miles and miles," says Berne resident Katja Maeder Zuercher. Mr Wechsler and his staff can prepare special plant-based remedies to help, although he confesses most people request conventional medicines, such as aspirin or "something that acts fast". Every weather is fine for me.". Apparently, students even tend to postpone examinations and surgeons reschedule surgeries on foehn days [6]. Average daily admissions per month and presence of foehn days per month in percent. Furthermore, we discovered the opposite influence of winter with less admissions during the cold months (Table 3). However, the TraumaRegister DGU® conducts audits to ensure high quality standards. Cookies policy. J Emerg Trauma Shock. The mean ISS was 20.2 (9–75) on foehn days vs. 20.3 (9–75) on days without foehn circulation (p = 0.99). Catchment area of the participating hospitals in Southern Bavaria [19]. An article that appeared in the Los Angeles Times on March 12, 1988 makes reference to a 1983 Austrian study in which 2,400 of 3,000 subjects with wind-related malaise had above-normal blood sedimentation rates. A systematic review of the literature. It has been reported that 30 percent of the population becomes ill with migraine, nausea, vomiting, irritability, dimness of vision, respiratory symptoms and other effects… 2010;99(4):235–9. This results in a warm, dry wind with very good visibility on the downwind side of the mountains [2]. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie. And a key reason the "snow eater", as this warm alpine wind is sometimes called, is viewed as special is the effect many claim it has on their mood, and their health. 1989;18(7):763–5. There was no funding for this study. Among the 6215 individuals, 301 patients (4.8%) suffered a severe trauma on foehn days. The weather pattern which produces those higher temperatures in the north east is known as the Foehn effect. According to the World Meteorological Organization (1992), foehn is defined as wind on the lee (downwind) side of a mountain which dries and warms during its down-slope descent [1]. The data used by Pape-Köhler et al. 2016;58:57–65. Berko J, Ingram DD, Saha S, Parker JD. Google Scholar. This study is the first to investigate the influence of foehn winds on the possibility of suffering a severe trauma. 2000;15(1):9–15. PubMed  This study a PubMed Central  Soreide K. Temporal patterns of death after trauma: evaluation of circadian, diurnal, periodical and seasonal trends in 260 fatal injuries. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). PubMed  No evidence was found to suspect that föhn winds influenced SIDS occurrence. 6215 patients were enrolled in this study. We often make a connection between the wind of Foehn and some secondary effects, such as migrains, changes of behaviours, psychosa. However, the correlation between foehn winds and trauma remains unknown to this day. O'Connor ZJ, Helmer SD, Yates CL, Ward JG, Khandelwal A, Haan JM. Traffic and accident statistics (ADAC) [http://www.adac.de/infotestrat/ratgeber-verkehr/statistiken/default.aspx]. The effect of foehn winds on hospital admissions was similar to the impact of Saturdays, spring, summer and fall. BC Geogr Ser. Ann Emerg Med. 301 patients (5%) suffered a trauma with an ISS ≥ 9 on a foehn day. ", And Ludwig Z'graggen admits he even makes a special trip to one of the Foehn valleys when his beloved wind is blowing. PubMed Central  The name Foehn (German: Föhn, pronounced [ˈføːn]) arose in the Alpine region. They can cause the rapid spread of wildfire. Video, QAnon in disarray after Biden inauguration, Trump 'prank-called by Piers Morgan impersonator', Canada governor general quits amid bullying claims, Anger at Margaret Court's Order of Australia award, Senegalese student sorry after vanishing in France, Russia detains Navalny aides as protests go viral. In the Swiss village of Leukerbad, residents are quite familiar with the Foehn, which sweeps regularly through the main Rhone valley from the southeast. Am Surg. We analyzed patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) of at least nine with admission to intensive care units or prior death in the emergency room. Scientific data analysis is approved according to a peer review procedure established by Sektion NIS. The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. However, these theories that are often perceived to be ludicrous are yet subjects of seriously conducted studies. The incidence of severe trauma was highest on Saturdays (4.8 patients). Coates W, Jehle D, Cottington E. Trauma and the full moon: a waning theory. "Even among scientists we are not all of the same opinion," adds Peter Stucki on Berne University. MZ/FVM/PB assisted in the literature search and critical revisions of the manuscript for important intellectual content. 2020;38(4):815–8. Bavaria is a typical Southern German foehn region. An air pressure difference with high pressure in the southern region of the Alps causes south to north-directed winds. Google Scholar. Figure 3 depicts the average number of daily admitted patients per month and the presence of foehn wind. 2014;45(Suppl 3):S93–9. That's a question BBC World Service programme Crowd Science .css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link{color:#3F3F42;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{color:#696969;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{font-weight:700;border-bottom:1px solid #BABABA;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:focus,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:focus{border-bottom-color:currentcolor;border-bottom-width:2px;color:#B80000;}@supports (text-underline-offset:0.25em){.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited{border-bottom:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline #BABABA;text-decoration:underline #BABABA;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-decoration-thickness:1px;-webkit-text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;text-underline-offset:0.25em;}.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:hover,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:link:focus,.css-1xgj2ad-InlineLink:visited:focus{-webkit-text-decoration-color:currentcolor;text-decoration-color:currentcolor;-webkit-text-decoration-thickness:2px;text-decoration-thickness:2px;color:#B80000;}}is investigating this week. John Hammond explains the Foehn effect High humidity air is created within this zone. derived from a different time period from the same register which was used for this study. Organization WM. Data is collected prospectively in four consecutive time phases from the site of the accident until discharge from hospital: A) Pre-hospital phase, B) Emergency room (ER) and initial surgery, C) Intensive care unit (ICU) and D) Discharge. © 2021 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Schieman C, Graham A, Gelfand G, McFadden SP, Tiruta C, Hill MD, Grondin SC. When air … Open access funding provided by Projekt DEAL. Am Surg. As an additional limitation, this study used a register for data analysis. On the positive side, the people whose lives are severely inhibited by freezing conditions, f ind their lives easier to manage , as their daily activities are made easier and their bodies are able to cope much better under the warmer conditions. I can’t live without the Foehn. Studies revealed higher aggressiveness, less sleep, increased crime rate and higher numbers of homicides during full moon [29,30,31]. 2. Greve, F., Kanz, KG., Zyskowski, M. et al. 3. 2. Arch Psychol (Frankf). Foehn winds are known for bringing a high fire danger with them because of their hot, dry nature. "It can really be a problem, the Foehn headache," says Berne pharmacist Daniel Wechsler. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Famous as a word, its overall health effects are less pervasive than the foehn. There was no significant influence of foehn winds on the severity (ISS) and cause of injuries. 2011;4(2):178–83. 3) is illustrated in Table 2. For future studies it would be interesting to conduct a complete meteorological analysis which merges subjects and results of existing studies such as extreme wind velocities, foehn winds, precipitation, high and low temperatures or freezing events. The level of significance was set at p = < 0.05. OBJECTIVES: Preterm births (PTBs) represent significant health risks, and several studies have found associations between high outdoor temperatures and PTB. On days without foehn, 70.2% were of male and 29.8% of female gender. ", "My personal feeling is you might be more sensitive to variability in (barometric) pressure when you are more stressed.". On foehn days, the mean number of admitted patients was 4.6. Kals W. Your health, your moods, and the weather, vol. For details on the foehn theory, please see Fig. A foehn wind is an important factor in the occurrence of many extreme high-temperature events in geographically complex regions. statement and Furthermore, we demonstrated the influence of foehn winds on health related issues. This study focuses on the influence of the external factor foehn wind when suffering a severe trauma defined as ISS ≥ 9. PubMed Google Scholar. Injury. The better illumination of highways and brighter nights might lead to less accidents. The issue was recently the subject of an hour-long programme on Swiss radio, during which listeners phoned in to swap symptoms. Human aggression and the lunar synodic cycle. International meteorological vocabulary, vol. In 1933, first results by Rohden et al. Google Scholar. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Among mountain climbers, the winds present increased challenges during climbing. Posse P. Effect of the weather on morbidity dynamics in a large city. Relationship between air pollution, weather, traffic, and traffic-related mortality. investigated the effect of wind speed on trauma. The objective meteorological parameters were air pressure north and south of the Alps, wind direction and wind velocity measured on a determined summit of the Alps. Google Scholar. Keywords: Foehn wind, Trauma, Polytrauma, Foehn wind Bavaria, TraumaRegister DGU® Background Foehn describes a very strong, warm and dry wind. Foehn effects, with their characteristically warm, dry downslope winds (foehn winds), have been widely studied in the United States and Europe. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

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